ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of transient plateau factor on acute lung injury induced by phosgene poisoning in rabbits.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,aged 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),plateau factor group (group H),phosgene poisoning group (group P),and phosgene poisoning and plateau factor group (group HP).In group H,the rabbits were exposed to a simulated altitude of 33000 m for 2 h.In group P,the rabbits were exposed to phosgene for 3 min only.In group HP,the rabbits were exposed to phosgene for 33 min and then to a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 2 h.Respiratory rate (RR) was recorded and blood samples were taken before exposure to phosgene (T1),after exposure to phosgene (T2),and at 0,1 and 6 h after onset of exposure to a simulated altitude of 33000 m (T3-5) for determination of PaO2 and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.The chests were opened at T5 and lungs removed for determination of lung water content (LC) and for microscopic examination.Lung coefficient (LC) was calculated.Results Compared with C group,RR was significantly increased at T3 in group H (P ＜ 0.05),and RR was increased and OI was decreased at T2-5 in P and HP groups (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with P group,RR was increased and OI was decreased at T3-5 in HP group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).LW and LC were significantly higher in P and HP groups than in group C,and in HP group than in group P (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The microscopic examination showed that pathological changes were observed in P and HP groups,however,the changes were severer in HP group.Conclusion Transient plateau factor can obviously aggravate the degree of acute lung injury induced by phosgene poisoning in rabbits.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of cultivation methods on growth dynamics in the aerial part and root of Angelica sinensis and Ditylenchus destructor, rate of early bolting, and yield of A. sinensis as well. Methods Compared with conventional planting, ridge planting, furrow planting, white plastic mulch coverage, and black plastic mulch coverage were used to evaluate the effects of cultivation methods on dry matter accumulating and growth dynamics of A. sinensis. Results The influence of black plastic mulch coverage to growth dynamics of A. sinensis is the biggest, next for white plastic mulch coverage. There is the best inhibition to D. destructor under ridge planting. Black plastic mulch coverage can enhance the rate of early bolting. The treatment of black plastic mulch coverage has the highest yield, which can increase the yield by 33.4% (4 650 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting; next for the treatment of white plastic mulch coverage, which increased the yield by 24.3% (3 372.2 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting. But there were no significant effects of ridge planting and furrow planting on increasing yield. Conclusion The cultivation methods of black plastic mulch coverage should be brought into wide use in A. sinensis cultivation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze malaria situation and evaluate the effect of control program in Henan Province during 1990-2005. Methods Data were collected and analyzed on the measures and effects of malaria control, vector surveillance, blood examination for cases with fever and serological surveillance in the province during 1990-2005. Results In the 16 years, a total of 802 700 people were given pre-transmission season treatment with chloroquine and primaquine for a radical cure of vivax malaria, chemoprophylaxis was given to 764 300 people at high risk during the transmission season, treatment or presumptive treatment was given to 43 891 cases. 11 216 100 cases with fever were tested and 11 213 (0.10%) were found positive accounting for 29.01% (11 213/338 654) of all malaria cases. A total of 1 332 800 bed nets were treated with insecticide and 1 999 300 people were protected in 1990-1992 and 1996-1999. 34 846 residents including pupils were tested with IFAT in 1990-2000 and 1149 (3.30%) were positive. The parasite rate amongst 71 234 local residents including pupils was 0.40% (286/71 234). The principal transmitting vectors were Anopheles sinensis and An.anthropophagus. The man-biting habit for An. sinensis and An.anthropophagus was 0.060 8 and 0.314 3 respectively, and the vectorial capacity of An.anthropophagus was 22.4 times higher than that of An.sinensis. In this period, 38 654 malaria cases were reported in the province and the annual malaria incidence was 2.62 per hundred thousand, the lowest annual incidence was in 1992 (0.37 per hundred thousand). 70.05% (27 076/38 654) of these malaria cases were from areas where An. anthropophagus was present. Conclusions In general, the malaria control activities have been effective and the epidemiological situation kept stable in Henan Province, although in some areas the situation is unstable and outbreak spots or focal epidemics occur.